The nursery sector is a critical sub-field in terms of quality and productivity in the production of fruit and ornamental plants. This article discusses the importance of fertilization in nursery production, its effects on plant growth and development, the role of macro- and micro-nutrients, organic and inorganic fertilization strategies, and application methods. Proper nutrient management is a key factor for healthy root and shoot development, disease resistance, and long-term production efficiency in nursery plants.

1. Introduction

The quality of nursery production depends not only on selecting the right cultivar and using proper propagation techniques, but also on the plant's nutritional management (Kacar & Katkat, 2010). Fertilization is one of the most critical cultural practices that supports root, stem, and leaf development in young plants. Insufficient or imbalanced nutrition can lead to stunted growth, increased susceptibility to diseases, and reduced yield. Therefore, planned and balanced fertilization in nurseries is of both economic and biological importance.

2. Importance of Macro-Nutrients in Nursery Production

The most essential macro-nutrients for seedling development are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S).

• Nitrogen (N): Supports shoot and leaf growth; deficiency results in reduced plant height.

• Phosphorus (P): Plays a critical role in root development, energy metabolism, and flowering.

• Potassium (K): Regulates water balance, stomatal activity, and enhances stress tolerance.

• Calcium and Magnesium: Necessary for cell wall stability, chlorophyll synthesis, and photosynthetic activity.

• Sulfur (S): Essential for protein and amino acid synthesis.

Macro-nutrient dosages should be adjusted according to seedling age, species, and soil properties (Hartmann et al., 2011).

3. Role of Micro-Nutrients

Although micro-nutrients (zinc, iron, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum) are required in small quantities, their deficiencies can cause severe growth disorders.

• Boron: Critical for cell wall formation and flowering.

• Zinc and Iron: Enhance shoot development and photosynthetic capacity.

• Manganese and Copper: Play roles in enzymatic activity and metabolic functions.

Micro-nutrients may be applied through foliage or soil; foliar applications are especially preferred in high-pH soils.

4. Organic and Inorganic Fertilization Strategies

• Organic Fertilizers: Compost, well-decomposed manure, and humus improve soil structure, enhance water-holding capacity, and support microbial activity.

• Inorganic Fertilizers: Chemical fertilizers such as urea, DAP, and KCl provide rapid nutrient supply; however, unbalanced use may cause root burn and salt stress.

• Hybrid Approach: A combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers supports both soil health and seedling growth, and is recommended for sustainable nursery management.

5. Importance of Fertilization According to Phenological Stages

Fertilizer applications in nurseries should follow the plant's phenological development:

• Dormancy (Winter): Minimal nitrogen; supports root carbohydrate reserves.

• Early Spring (Before Bud Break): Nitrogen and phosphorus to stimulate shoot and root growth.

• Summer: Potassium-oriented fertilization to support leaf and fruit health.

• Autumn: Phosphorus and potassium for winter hardiness and stronger root systems.

Phenology-based fertilization improves plant health and maximizes seasonal productivity.

6. Application Methods

• Soil Application: Distributed around the seedlings or within row spacing.

• Foliar Application: Provides rapid correction of micro-nutrient deficiencies.

• Fertigation (Drip Irrigation with Fertilizers): Ensures controlled nutrient delivery and increases root activity and overall efficiency.

7. Conclusion

Fertilization is a fundamental factor for healthy growth and long-term productivity in nursery production. Academic studies and field experience demonstrate that balanced and phenology-appropriate fertilization improves plant health, increases disease resistance, and optimizes economic production efficiency (Hartmann et al., 2011; Kacar & Katkat, 2010). Balanced use of organic and inorganic fertilizers is indispensable for sustainable and high-quality nursery production.

Şükrü Batanay
Agricultural Engineer (MSc)